Articulation and Phonology

"Articulation" refers to the way in which we produce words including the placement, manner, and voicing of sounds. Children who produce errored sounds that continue past the typical ages of development for those sounds are then considered to have a Speech Sound Impairment. These errors are typically substitutions ("fum" for "thumb") or distortions (such as tongue thrusting or lisps). Click here for a visual of age-referenced norms of speech sound development. 

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"Phonology" refers to the ways that sounds go together into words. A phonological process is an error pattern that is common in development of speech in children as they grow vocabulary skills. These typically resolve at a certain age, but may persist and require intervention. ​